Iraq and Syria are now suffering unprecedented plunder and outright destruction of their heritage from armed conflict. Facing the largest cultural emergency since World War II, the global community stands at a crossroads. Violent extremist organizations like Daesh (also known as ISIL or ISIS) are arming their cause through antiquities looting and trafficking, while also deliberately and systematically destroying heritage as a weapon of war. The cultural crisis has become inseparable from the humanitarian crisis.