Author Description

Physiology of the kidney.- A. Historical note.- B. Anatomy of the kidney as related to function.- I. Arteries.- II. Vas afferens.- III. Glomerulus.- 1. Glomerular capillary tuft.- 2. Glomerular membranes.- IV. Vas efferens and veins.- V. Vascular smooth muscle.- VI. Interstitial fluid space and lymphatics.- VII. Tubular system.- 1. Bowman''s capsule.- 2. Proximal tubule.- 3. Thin segment.- 4. Distal tubule.- 5. Collecting ducts.- VIII. Nephron populations.- 1. Cortical nephrons.- 2. Juxtamedullary nephrons.- 3. Glomerulotubular balance.- 4. Medulla as an accumulating unit.- IX. Renal nerves.- C. Renal hemodynamics.- I. Renal blood flow.- 1. Intrarenal pressures.- a) Glomerular capillary pressure.- b) Interlobular and arcuate venous pressure.- c) Renal interstitial pressure.- d) Intratubular pressures.- 2. Renal vascular resistance.- 3. Blood viscosity, intrarenal hematocrit, blood volume and transit times.- a) Viscosity.- b) Renal blood volume.- c) Transit times of red cells and plasma.- d) Renal hematocrit.- 4. Blood pressure-flow relationships and autoregulation.- 5. Intrarenal shunts.- 6. Summary of factors influencing the renal blood flow in the isolated or semiisolated kidney.- a) Pressures.- b) Temperature.- c) Hematocrit.- d) Renal nerves.- II. Glomerular filtration.- 1. Evidence supporting the theory of filtration.- 2. The glomerular membranes.- 3. Theoretical descriptions of filtration.- 4. Colloid osmotic pressure.- 5. Filtration pressure.- 6. Autoregulation of filtration.- 7. Variation in filtration.- 8. Filtration fraction.- III. Lymph flow.- IV. Renal hemodynamics in physiological states.- 1. Terminology and measurement.- 2. Basal values.- 3. Effects of age.- 4. Diurnal variation.- 5. Diet.- 6. Exercise.- 7. Pregnancy.- 8. Emotional stress and pain.- V. Renal hemodynamics in pathological states.- 1. Effects of anesthesia.- 2. Effects of various drugs.- a) Sympathomimetic amines.- b) Renin and angiotensin.- c) Depressor drugs.- d) Reserpine.- e) Pyrog