This suggests that the relationship between source-country gender-role attitudes and immigrant women's labour force participation in the host country functions through the moderate correlation between source-country gender-role attitudes and source-country female labour force participation rates. [...] Studies examining the relationship between national characteristics and immigrant women's labour activities conclude that source-country female labour force participation levels closely capture gender-role attitudes, and that the observed association between source-country female labour force participation and immigrant women's subsequent labour market activities in the host country primarily refl [...] Model 1 examines the effect of source-country gender-role attitudes in the absence of the source-country female labour force participation rate; Model 2 examines the effect of the source-country female labour force participation rate in the absence of source-country gender-role attitudes; Model 3 examines the effects of the two factors in the presence of each other. [...] In the selection equation, the demographic variables used in the wages equation are included, along with marital status, the spouse's employment status if married and the number of children aged 0 to 5.13 As seen in Table A.1, the error terms in the wage model and in the selection model are not significantly correlated, so the regression estimates from the wage model are likely unbiased.14 The coe [...] For dummy variables, the marginal effect is the difference in the predicted average probability of participating in the labour force between the given category and the reference category.