Focusing on the long-suffering valleys of southern Wales, which have endured prolonged periods of economic depression following multiple coal pit closures in the 1980s and 1990s, this work argues that at the root of these economic woes is the inherent conflict between competitive and individualist economic models, and the community-based culture of the region. Suggesting a new approach to economic development for the area that actually bolsters the vitality of local culture by empowering local people to work together to make the most of existing possibilities, this study makes concrete suggestions for how the Welsh economy and government can best utilize their resources. In addition, the negative effects of inward investment strategies are examined, and a report that surveyed local attitudes toward work is discussed.