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"Abstract: One hundred forty-six species of Gelechiidae including 36 new records are reported from Israel. Anarsia balioneura Meyrick, 1921 and Polyhymno chionarcha Meyrick, 1913 are recorded for the first time in the Palaearctic region. Two new species are described: Metzneria freidbergi sp. nov., and Scrobipalpa aravensis sp. nov. Six new synonyms are established: Stygmatoptera Hartig, 1936 syn. nov. of Polyhymno Chambers, 1874; Eulamprotes Bradley, 1971 syn. nov. of Oxypteryx Rebel, 1911; Polyhymno abaiella Amsel, 1974 syn. nov. of Polyhymno chionarcha, Meyrick, 1913; Gelechia haifella Amsel, 1935 syn. nov. of Athrips rancidella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854); Sophronia catharurga Meyrick, 1923 and Sophronia parahumerella Amsel, 1935 syn. nov. of Pseudosophronia exustellus (Zeller, 1847). The following new combinations are proposed: Anacampsis karmeliella (Amsel, 1935) comb. nov., Stomopteryx tesserapunctella (Amsel, 1935) comb. nov., Aproaerema languidella (Amsel, 1936) comb. nov., Aproaerema telaviviella (Amsel, 1935) comb. nov., Acompsia (Telephila) ballotellus (Amsel, 1935) comb. nov., Polyhymno dumonti (Hartig, 1936) comb. nov., Oxypteryx atrella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) comb. nov., Oxypteryx immaculatella (Douglas, 1850) comb. nov. and Chrysoesthia amseli (Bidzilya, 2008) comb. nov. A lectotype is designated for Lita rhamnifoliae Amsel & Hering, 1931.The genitalia of both sexes of Sophronia sagittans Meyrick, 1923, Anacampsis karmeliella (Amsel, 1935), Stomopteryx tesserapunctella Amsel, 1935 as well as male genitalia of Stomopteryx lacteolella Caradja, 1924, Aproaerema telaviviella (Amsel, 1935), Acompsia ballotellus (Amsel, 1935), Polyhymno dumonti (Hartig, 1936) and Chrysoesthia amseli (Bidzilya, 2008) are illustrated and described for the first time. New or additional host plants are recorded for Metzneria aspretella Lederer, 1869, M. agraphella (Ragonot, 1895), M. ehikeella Gozmány, 1954 and Scrobipalpa suaedivorella (Chrétien, 1915). Photographs of th