Author Description

Neurological injuries (such as hemispheric stroke and spinal cord injury, etc.) can result in muscle weakness and spasticity. The affected muscles often experience progressive changes in their intrinsic mechanical properties, giving rise to muscle contracture and associated alterations in muscle internal structural changes. The mechanisms behind the changes are multifactorial, including disuse, autonomic changes, peripheral neuropathy, a loss of central motor neuron trophic influences, and/or their combinations. Regardless of the origins of weakness and other changes, it is very important to understand or quantify complex neuromuscular changes after a neurological injury.