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"Anime" (an abbreviated pronunciation in Japanese of "animation" in Japanese) typically is animation originating in Japan. The world outside Japan regards anime as "Japanese animation." While the earliest known Japanese animation dates from 1917, and many original Japanese cartoons were produced in the ensuing decades, the characteristic anime style developed in the 1960s - notably with the work of Osamu Tezuka - and became known outside Japan in the 1980s. Both hand-drawn and computer-animated anime exist. It is used in television series, films, video, video games, commercials and internet-based releases, and represents most, if not all, genres of fiction. Anime gained early popularity in East and Southeast Asia and has garnered more-recent popularity in the Western World. Anime has a large audience in Japan and high recognition throughout the world. Distributors can release anime via television broadcasts, directly to video, or theatrically, as well as online. "Manga" used outside of Japan refers specifically to comics originally published in Japan. However, manga-influenced comics, among original works, exist in other parts of the world, particularly in Taiwan, South Korea and the People's Republic of China, notably Hong Kong. In the United States, people refer to manga-like comics as Amerimanga, world manga or original English-language manga (OEL manga). This guide describes the history of Manga and Anime, its popular creators, biographies, the various genres, as well as the entire world of fandom and conventions. This is a WikiBits book - a compilation of related copyright-free Wikipedia articles and listings that have been crafted into a physical book that you can take with you.