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This paper develops, on the basis of a cost-benefit analysis, on the conditions that must be met for an Asset Management Company (AMC), established under the centralised approach in EU Member States, to efficiently facilitate the management and recovery of non-performing loans (NPLs). It concludes that public AMCs, even if optimally designed, should not be viewed as a 'panacea' but as one of several measures that can be taken to address the NPL problem and prevent bank failures.