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Orthodoxy In Massachusetts 1630-1650 BY PERRY MILLER WITH A NEW PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR BEACON PRESS BEACON HILL BOSTON Copyright, 1933 By the President and Fellows of Harvard College Preface, 195Q By Perry Miller First published as a Beacon Paperback in 1959 by arrangement with the Harvard University Press Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 59-10735 Printed in the United States of America For PERCY HOLMES BOYNTON MAGISTRO ET AMICO Acknowledgments PERHAPS the greatest pleasure of scholarship, from the standpoint of the student, is the long list of friends he acquires by the simple process of making them his benefactors. Of this long list I wish in partic ular to memorialize the various important contribu tions of Professors Percy Holmes Eoynton, Napier Wilt, T. V. Smith, and William E. Dodd of the Univer sity of Chicago, Professors Kenneth Ballard Murdock, Samuel Eliot Morison, and Francis Otto Matthiessen of Harvard University, and Professor Stanley T. Williams of Yale University. To the Library of Yale University I am indebted for access to the Dexter Collection, to the Boston Public Library for access to the Prince Collec tion, to the Congregational Library of Boston for gen erously placing at my disposal its remarkable collection of seventeenth century tracts, and to Mr. Julius H. Tuttle and to the Massachusetts Historical Society for much valuable assistance. Mr. D. H. Mugridge offered very helpful criticism and Mr. Raymond P. Stearns helped materially with the Dutch backgrounds. With out the aid of Mr. Alfred Stern and Mrs. Moise Dreyfus this research could never have been undertaken. And finally I am indebted to my wife for a vast amount of patient labor, without which thevolume could never have materialized. P. M. CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS October i, 1933 Contents FOREWORD xi PREFACE xvii I. SUPREMACY AND UNIFORMITY 3 II. DISCIPLINE OUT OF THE WORD 15 III. SEPARATIST CONGREGATIONALISM 53 IV. NON-SEPARATIST CONGREGA TIONALISM 73 V. A WIDE DOOR OF LIBERTY 10