Author Description

Pp. 50-93 discuss activities of the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement in Germany in the Nazi period. The movement was mainly concerned with organizing and preparing groups for youth aliyah to Eretz Israel. After 1933 the German police often refused to guard the members at movement activities, which were either cancelled or took place underground or in Denmark; after the "Kristallnacht" pogrom in November 1938 all youth movement activities became illegal. From summer 1939 Hashomer Hatzair concentrated solely on arrangements for the emigration of members and their families, including smuggling Jews over borders and providing false identity papers. Pp. 127-188 contain four essays by former members of Hashomer Hatzair. The one by Kuti Zelinger (p. 168-188) elaborates on the movement's illegal activities in 1938-39. Pp. 189-246 contain documents, in Hebrew and German.