The narrative centers on the complex, power-laden relationship between a young ward and her guardian, a Roman Catholic priest, whose conflicting desires drive the central conflict. The story follows Miss Milner as she navigates her attraction to her guardian, Dorriforth, while grappling with the social and religious constraints of the late eighteenth century. The narrative is split into two distinct parts, focusing first on the mother and later on her daughter, Matilda, who seeks the affection of the father who has cast her aside. Inchbald employs a dramatic, dialogue-heavy framework that emphasizes the psychological friction between the characters and the rigid societal expectations of the era.

Readers and critics frequently highlight the novel's departure from the typical sentimental tropes of its time, noting its sharper focus on psychological realism. Discussion often centers on the unconventional nature of the central romance and the author's ability to maintain tension through restraint rather than overt action. Many observers point to the effectiveness of the two-part structure in illustrating the cyclical nature of the characters' struggles. The work is often cited for its influence on the development of the novel as a medium for exploring internal conflict and social power dynamics.