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The Mayan Empire, one of the most advanced civilizations in pre-Columbian America, flourished in Mesoamerica from approximately 2000 BCE until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. This civilization was primarily located in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and parts of Honduras and El Salvador. The Mayans are known for their remarkable achievements in various fields, including architecture, mathematics, astronomy, and writing. Their society was complex, comprising numerous city-states that interacted through trade, warfare, and cultural exchange, creating a rich tapestry of political and social structures.