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Excerpt from The History of Rome, From the First Punic War to the Death of Constantine, Vol. 1 Th first edition of the present lectures, published in 1844, was based entirely upon notes taken during their delivery in the University of Bonn, in the years 1828 and 1829, the last time that Niebuhr lectured on Roman history. When Dr. Isler was afterwards entrusted with the preparation of a German edition of the same lectures, he thought it right to avail himself also of the notes of an earlier course of lectures on the same subject, which Niebuhr had delivered during the winter of 1826 and 1827. In this earlier course, the historian did not embrace the whole history of Rome, but only the portion from the earliest times down to the death of Sertorius, and he was consequently enabled to treat his subject more in detail than in the later course. In preparing the new edition, I have made use of everything which Dr. Isler has thus incorporated in his edition from the course of 1826 and 1827. The amount of this additional matter is very considerable, occupying nearly one hundred pages of the present edition. In the lectures relating to the period subsequent to the death of Sertorius, the additions and corrections are less numerous and important; as for this portion of the history, the German editor had no other notes than such as had been taken during the course of 1828 and 1829; that part of the German edition therefore presents no other differences from the first English edition, than those arising from the fact, that the two editions were formed from sets of notes taken by different students. In the latest part of the history, however, an important addition has been introduced from the German edition, namely, the history from the death of Constantine down to the overthrow of the Western Empire. The history of that period was not published in the first edition, because I had no manuscript notes referring to that time, having, along with most other students, le