Author Description

The concept of scientific fraud, or fraud in research, has become a central concern among community scientists in the last decades. This term includes all those practices, decisions, and structures that lead to inefficiency in the generation of knowledge, and which result in a loss of significant use of resources without producing a real or useful impact on society, science, or clinical practice. Scientific fraud can be demonstrated in various forms: from the formulation of irrelevant questions, poorly designed design studies, publication errors, biased or null results, and funding fraud.