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THE following Sermon was preached on Sunday evening, May 26, 1850, before a large assembly of intelligent and respectable citizens of Charleston, at the dedication of a Church erected for the religious instruction of the Negroes. This building has been put up under the supervision of the Second Presbyterian Church. The congregation worshipping in it are under the ecclesiastical watch and control of the Session of that Church, into which will be received all those who may become Church members. There is, therefore, no separate ecclesiastical organization of this congregation. The Rev. JOHN B. ADGER is their Minister, and his successors will, from time to time, be appointed by the Session of the Second Church and by the Presbytery of Charleston.This commodious edifice is in the Gothic style--a model of neatness and simplicity. Its shape being that of a capital T, the transepts or wings are appropriated to the use of white persons and are entered by separate doors. The cost of this Church, including the lot and a small building in the rear, for Sunday School purposes, has been about $7,700. A balance of about $1,700 remained due at the dedication, but since that time it has been all paid, and the undertaking stands a pleasing monument of the Christian zeal of our community for the sound and thorough religious training of their slaves.At the Sunday School connected with this Church, there are generally present about one hundred and eighty scholars, who are taught by the Minister and some twenty or thirty ladies and gentlemen. Their improvement in religious knowledge and orderly behaviour, during two years of instruction, is very manifest.The Session of the Second Presbyterian Church, anxious that the profound and comprehensive views of Dr. THORNWELL, upon the question of our country and our day, should not be confined to those who heard his Discourse, have requested and obtained from him a copy for publication. It is, accordingly, now sent forth as another Scriptural ex