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CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1. Concepts General Types of Crossings Hasty Deliberate Retrograde Crossing Fundamentals Surprise Extensive Preparation Flexible Plan Traffic Control Organization Speed Chapter 2. Terrain and Enemy General Estimate of the Situation Tactical Requirements Terrain Characteristics Military Aspects Current Water Measurements Water Changes Obstructions The Friendly Shore The Enemy Shore Intelligence Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR) Information Collection Threat River Defense Offensive River Crossing Chapter 3. Command and Control General Organization Control Elements Division Headquarters Brigade Headquarters Communications Control Measures Release Lines (RLs) Crossing Areas Waiting Areas Engineer Equipment Parks (EEPs) Traffic-Control Posts Engineer Regulating Points Crossing Plan Crossing Control Assault Across the River Crossing-Area Operations Transfer of Support Forces to Division Movement Control Retrograde Crossings Chapter 4. Planning General The Planning Process Analyzing the Mission Developing COAs Analyzing COAs Comparing COAs Producing Orders Chapter 5. Division Deliberate River Crossing General Phases of a Deliberate River Crossing The River Crossing Advance to the River (Phase I) Assault Across the River (Phase II) Advance From the Exit Bank (Phase III) Secure the Bridgehead Line (Phase IV) Continuation of the Attack Chapter 6. Retrograde Operations General Retrograde Types Delay Withdrawal Retirement Denial Measures Planning Chapter 7. Crossing Sites General Crossing-Site Selection Planning Requirements Entry/Exit Routes or Paths Routes and Approaches Waiting Areas River Conditions Banks Bottoms Enemy Situation Site Analysis Field Calculations Measuring the Current's Velocity Determining Slopes and Degrees Measuring the River's Width Calculating Downstream Drift Rafts Site Preparation Rafting Sites Rafting Operations Maintenance and Refueling Bridges Site Organization Night Operations Actions Under Fire Vehicle Recovery Othe