This book analyzes the patterns of and factors associated with health seeking behavior and out-of-pocket (OOP) spending on chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) in rural Malawi. The author used descriptive statistics to describe treatment options and related household OOP expenditure on CNCDs and econometrics models to analyze factors influencing health seeking behavior and OOP expenditure on CNCDs. This study found that in spite of a context where care for CNCDs should in principle be free of charge at the point of use, the utilization rates of CNCD care are still low and OOP payments impose a considerable financial burden on rural households, especially among the poorest.