The book details geological observations made along the coasts and islands of the Bering Sea and surrounding areas. George Mercer Dawson, a prominent Canadian geologist and surveyor, presents findings from expeditions that likely focused on the geological formations, mineral resources, and topographical features of this remote region. The work would have been crucial for understanding the geological history and potential economic value of these territories during the late 19th century.

As a scientific report from the late 19th century, 'Geological Notes on Some of the Coasts and Islands of Bering Sea and Vicinity' would have been primarily of interest to geologists, geographers, and naturalists of the era. Its value lies in its primary data and observations from a region then undergoing significant exploration. Modern scientific literature may cite Dawson's work for historical context or as a baseline for contemporary geological studies in the Arctic.