This book offers a comprehensive exploration of ancient Chinese educational thought, spanning from its origins to its evolution across millennia. At its core, the book argues that ancient Chinese education was deeply rooted in societal, political, and cultural contexts, with a distinct focus on ethical cultivation, secular utility, and social harmony. It traces the development of educational ideas through key historical periods, from the early emphasis on the "Six Arts" (rites, music, archery, chariotry, writing, arithmetic) in the Western Zhou Dynasty to the foundational roles of Confucius (advocating "education for all without discrimination") and Xue Ji (On Education, the world’s first monograph on education). It further examines the thoughts of major schools—Confucianism, Mohism, Legalism, and Taoism—and their debates on morality, governance, and human nature. Key themes include the primacy of moral education (over utilitarianism), the political function of education in maintaining social order, and pedagogical methods like heuristic teaching and individualized instruction. The book also highlights unique features such as the integration of family and state in educational goals, respect for teachers, and the interplay between education and institutions like the Imperial Examination. This volume is a landmark resource for global readers seeking to understand the intellectual foundations of Chinese education.