Author Description

The history of Russian psychological sociology is saturated with concepts that also played an essential role in its formation and development (associative psychology, deep psychology, Gestalt psychology, humanist psychology, existential psychology, etc.). However, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism and Freudism have created the foundation for the scientific independence of psychology. In them, the general dynamics of cognition can be traced: from structure to function; from external manifestations to internal causes. It is in these concepts that links were made with practice in the fields of learning, work and treatment. Thus, the foundations of practical psychology were laid, which then played a decisive role in the development of sociology as a science. At the same time, there was a process of specializing psychological knowledge in the areas of communication and social interaction, work, education, upbringing and health. Methods of psychological diagnostics and evaluation were developed, as well as active methods of psychology, assuming psychological influence with the purpose of receiving positive result for a person. Studies of the soul, spirit, spirituality continued, though they appeared to be pushed aside as if in the background.