This text investigates the fundamental methodologies and theoretical frameworks required to reconstruct human history prior to the existence of written records. Authors Frank Hole and Robert F. Heizer, both established scholars in the field of anthropology and archeology, synthesize decades of field research to provide a structured approach to interpreting material remains. The book argues that archeology is a rigorous scientific discipline that relies on systematic excavation, precise dating techniques, and the careful analysis of environmental and cultural artifacts to understand past human behavior.

Experts frequently cite this work as a foundational textbook for undergraduate students entering the field of archeology. Readers note the clarity of the prose and the logical progression of the technical concepts presented throughout the chapters.