This book investigates the multifaceted nature of animal behavior, exploring its underlying mechanisms and evolutionary significance. It draws upon the foundational work of ethologist Niko Tinbergen, addressing his four key questions concerning causation, development, function, and evolution. The contributions from international experts cover a broad spectrum, examining behavior from the molecular and neuronal levels up to individual actions and population dynamics.

The book is presented as a comprehensive overview of animal behavior, drawing on established ethological principles and expert contributions. Its scope suggests a text aimed at students and researchers seeking a detailed understanding of the field. The approach, grounded in Tinbergen's framework, indicates a structured and analytical examination of behavioral science.