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Chapter 1 Introduction to Linguistic Signs 1.1 Humans and signs 1.1.1 Man as symbolic animal 1.1.2 Man as advanced symbolic animal 1.2 Sign 1.2.1 Concept of sign 1.2.2 Types of sign 1.2.2.1 Classification based on denoting relationship (According to the relationship between form and content of a sign) 1.2.2.2 Classification of objective and subjective relations (Based on the objective and subjective relations of signs) 1.2.2.3 Classification of symbolic thinking relationships (based on the way of symbolic thinking). 1.2.3. Sign process and sign field 1.2.3.1 Thought field 1.2.3.2 Cultural field 1.2.3.3 Psychological field 1.3 Language and sign 1.3.1 The nature and definitions of language 1.3.1.1 Language as a special social phenomenon 1.3.1.2 Language as a unified communicative tool of the society 1.3.1.3 Language as an important tool of human thought 1.3.2 Classification of language 1.3.3 Language is a sign system 1.3.4 Language as a special system of signs 1.3.4.1 Arbitrariness Chapter 2 Introduction to Linguistic Semiotics 2.1 Linguistics 2.1.1 The object of linguistics 2.1.1.1 The scientificity of linguistics 2.1.1.2 The object of linguistics 2.1.2 Classification of linguistics 2.1.2.1 General linguistics and specific linguistics 2.1.2.2 Internal linguistics and external linguistics 2.1.2.3 Diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics 2.1.2.4 Comparative linguistics and contrastive linguistics 2.1.2.5 Theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics 2.2 Semiotics 2.2.1 Traditions of semiotics: an overview 2.2.1.1 In the West 2.2.1.2 In China 2.2.2 The establishment of semiotics 2.2.2.1 Origins of modern semiotic theories 2.2.2.2 The establishment of modern semiotics 2.2.3 Classification of semiotics 2.2.4. Branches of semiotic studies 2.2.4.1 Trichotomy of semiotics2.2.4.2 Research orientation and main schools of semiotics 2.2.5. The significance of semiotic studies 2.3 Linguistic semiotics Chapter 3 The Binary Opposition of Linguistic Signs 3.1 The status o