Author Description

This timely new book is filled with essential research-based information that teachers and pre-service teachers alike need in order to help more students achieve mathematical standards by employing the concrete to representational to abstract (CRA) sequence of instruction with forms of algebraic equations. Proven to help students of all levels acquire and retain knowledge of mathematical concepts better than repeated abstract instruction alone, the CRA sequence of instruction employs: the use of hands-on manipulatives, learning to draw pictures of the steps, and finally transitioning from the pictorial representations to true abstract instruction expected by most state standards. Features placement test and fluency probes to help inform instruction and improve student proficiency. The research for CRA is powerful. However, there are few models out there that guide teachers in their delivery. All practicing teachers of mathematics, especially those who te