This book investigates the core question of how scientific methodology can be used to distinguish between legitimate archaeological discovery and pseudoscientific claims about the human past. Kenneth L. Feder, a professor of anthropology, utilizes his academic background to provide a rigorous framework for evaluating historical evidence. He argues that by examining common hoaxes and myths, students and readers can better understand the logical processes required to validate historical truth. The text serves as a pedagogical tool to sharpen critical thinking skills when confronted with sensationalist claims regarding human antiquity.

Experts and educators frequently cite this work as a foundational text for introducing students to the importance of scientific skepticism in archaeology. Readers often note that the prose is accessible and engaging, making complex methodological concepts easy to grasp for non-specialists.