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The Quran, revered by Muslims as the word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, is the cornerstone of Islamic faith and practice. Its verses offer believers guidance, wisdom, and solace, and its recitation is central to Muslim worship. Yet, the process by which the Quran was compiled and preserved is a story shrouded in mystery and intrigue. The Quran, as it exists today, is known as the Uthmanic codex – as it was compiled under the direction of the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, around 650 CE (some 20 years after the passing of the Prophet Muhammad). In the time of Muhammad, the Arabic society was predominantly oral (writing was not a common skill). As a result, the Quranic verses were simply memorized by the Companions. Although there were several Companions with writing skill, such as Zayd ibn Thabit and Ubay bin Ka'b, they only recorded verses of the Quran for their personal use. The verses weren’t written and compiled into a single codex. Nonetheless, it is widely believed that Ali ibn Abi Talib (the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad) was the first person to compile the verses into one book. There are reports that Ali started collecting the Quranic verses during the Prophet's lifetime, while other reports emphasize that Ali finalized his codex immediately after the death of Muhammad in 632 CE. After completing the burial of the Prophet, Ali made a vow that he would never come out of his house except for the Friday prayer till he collects all of the Quran. It was due to Ali's preoccupation with his codex that he was absent in the Saqifa meeting where Abu Bakr was elected caliph after Muhammad died. According to some accounts, Ali offered his codex for official use after the death of Muhammad but was turned down by some of the companions. The report is as follows: after the collection of Quran, Ali and his slave, Qanbar, brought it to the Companions, they were carrying it with difficulty, and it is said