The book examines the historical and contemporary conditions of women within patriarchal societies. Marlene Dixon, a sociologist and feminist theorist, analyzes the material basis of women's oppression, arguing that it is rooted in the economic and social structures of capitalism and patriarchy. The work explores how these systems shape women's experiences, labor, and social roles, and critiques existing feminist theories for failing to adequately address these fundamental issues.

Marlene Dixon's "The Future of Women" is recognized as a significant contribution to radical feminist and Marxist feminist thought. Critics have noted its rigorous theoretical framework and its challenge to prevailing analyses of women's oppression. The book's emphasis on material conditions and its critique of reformist approaches have made it a foundational text for scholars and activists seeking a deeper understanding of gender inequality.