This book argues for a fundamental reevaluation of how educational programs are assessed. Cronbach, a prominent figure in educational psychology, challenges the traditional, often narrowly focused, approaches to program evaluation. He posits that evaluations should be more responsive to the diverse needs of stakeholders and should aim to inform ongoing improvement rather than simply judge past performance. The book explores how to design evaluations that are more useful, ethical, and politically feasible within complex educational systems.

This work is recognized as a seminal text in the field of educational evaluation, advocating for a more pragmatic and politically aware approach. Cronbach's emphasis on responsiveness and utility has influenced subsequent scholarship on how to conduct evaluations that are both rigorous and relevant. The book is often cited for its forward-thinking perspective on the challenges and opportunities inherent in assessing educational interventions.