Santiago, an Andalusian shepherd boy, embarks on a quest to find a hidden treasure buried near the Egyptian pyramids after experiencing a recurring dream. Driven by the desire to understand his own destiny, Santiago leaves his familiar life behind to traverse the vast landscapes of Spain and North Africa. He faces physical hardships, the loss of his possessions, and the internal struggle of doubting his own intuition. The narrative follows a linear, fable-like structure, utilizing a third-person omniscient perspective to guide the reader through the protagonist's encounters with various mentors and omens.

This work is widely recognized for its enduring popularity and its status as a modern classic in the genre of inspirational fiction. Readers frequently discuss the book's accessible prose and its focus on themes of destiny and self-actualization. While some critics argue that the narrative simplicity borders on didacticism, many others appreciate the fable-like quality that allows the story to resonate across diverse cultures. The text is often cited as a foundational piece of contemporary spiritual literature that encourages readers to pursue their own ambitions. Its legacy remains tied to its ability to simplify complex philosophical questions into a concise, readable format.