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The Additional Protocols To The 1949 Geneva Conventions Remain A Landmark In The Development Of International Humanitarian Law. The First Two Additional Protocols Were Adopted By States In 1977. These Protocols Encompass The Rules Governing The Treatment And Protection Of Those In The Power Of An Enemy, As Well As The Conduct Of Hostilities. Crucially, They Address Non-international Armed Conflicts And Wars Of National Liberation. In 2005, A Third Additional Protocol Designating An Additional Distinctive Humanitarian Emblem Was Adopted In Controversial Circumstances. -- Introduction. The Development And Significance Of The Additional Protocols -- The Scope Of Application Of The Three Additional Protocols -- Fundamental Guarantees -- The Protection Of Women -- The Protection Of Children -- Protection Of Detainees And Prisoner-of-war Status -- Relief Operations -- The Distinctive Emblems -- The Rule Of Distinction (objects) -- The Rule Of Distinction (persons) -- The Rule Of Proportionality -- Precautions In Attack And Defence -- Prohibited Weapons -- Terrorism And Acts Of Terror -- Starvation And Sieges -- Reprisals -- National Implementation -- Application And Implementation By Armed Non-state Actors -- Application Of International Humanitarian Law To United Nations Operations -- International Criminal Law -- The Role Of The International Committee Of The Red Cross. Annyssa Bellal And Stuart Casey-maslen. Includes Bibliographical References (pages 313-332) And Index.