This volume investigates the scientific validity of creationism and the implications of its presence in public education curricula. Editor M. F. Ashley Montagu compiles a series of essays from prominent scientific thinkers, including Stephen Jay Gould and Isaac Asimov, to systematically dismantle the arguments presented by proponents of creation science. The text serves as a rigorous defense of evolutionary theory and a critique of the methodologies used to challenge established scientific consensus in the classroom.

Critics and scholars identify this collection as a foundational resource for understanding the historical and intellectual tensions between evolutionary biology and creationist movements. The prose is noted for its academic rigor and its effectiveness in providing a clear, evidence-based counter-argument to anti-evolutionary rhetoric.