This study investigates the complex phenomena of mold flux entrapment and gas entrainment during the ingot casting process. The research focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms that lead to these defects, which can significantly impact the quality of the final metallic product. By analyzing the fluid dynamics and thermal conditions within the mold, the authors aim to identify critical parameters that influence defect formation and propose strategies for mitigation.

The research presented in this study is likely to be of significant interest to materials scientists, metallurgists, and process engineers involved in metal casting. The detailed analysis of mold flux entrapment and gas entrainment addresses critical challenges in achieving high-quality metallic products. The combination of theoretical modeling and experimental validation suggests a rigorous approach to understanding these complex phenomena. The findings are expected to contribute to the optimization of industrial casting processes.