This book investigates the historical development, cultural diversity, and contemporary social integration of the ten distinct Muslim ethnic groups residing within China. Michael O. Dillon, a recognized scholar of modern Chinese history and Islamic studies, utilizes a combination of historical analysis and ethnographic observation to map the presence of these communities across various provinces. The text provides a structured framework for understanding how these populations maintain their religious and cultural identities while operating within the broader context of the modern Chinese state.

Experts and travelers frequently cite this work as a foundational, accessible introduction to the complex demographics of China's Muslim population. The prose is noted for its clarity and balance, making it a standard reference for those seeking to understand the intersection of faith and statehood in the region.