Author Description

Compared To Other Policy Areas Like Health Care, Education Is A Relatively Empty Policy Area Because The Beneficiaries--students And Families, And Business--are Not Politically Active Or Relevant. This Emptiness Allows Reform Opponents Like Teacher Unions And Clientelist Politicians To Have Greater Impact, As Well As Pro-reform Groups Like Civil Society, Policy Networks And Technocrats. Governments That Managed To Overhaul Teacher Careers Took Either A Bottom-up Electoral Route (chile And Ecuador) Or A Top-down Technocratic Route (peru And Colombia). In Other Cases, Machine Unions (mexico) Or Clientelist Politicians (state Of Rio De Janeiro) Overturned Career Reforms.-- Provided By Publisher.