This work investigates the geological composition and distribution of coal and lignite deposits within the Canadian North-West during the late 19th century. George Mercer Dawson, a prominent geologist and geographer, draws upon extensive field surveys and existing geological records to present a comprehensive analysis of these valuable natural resources. The book aims to provide a foundational understanding of the region's coal-bearing strata and their potential for economic exploitation.

This publication is recognized as a significant early contribution to the geological understanding of Western Canada's fossil fuel resources. Dawson's meticulous fieldwork and scientific rigor established a baseline for future resource assessments. The work is considered a foundational text for geologists and historians studying the development of Canada's natural resource sector.