The Science of Romance investigates the evolutionary underpinnings of human romantic and mating behaviors. Nigel Barber posits that contemporary actions in relationships are deeply rooted in the survival and reproductive strategies of our hunter-gatherer ancestors. By examining the mating behaviors of diverse animal species, Barber draws parallels that illuminate the complexities of human interactions and emotional responses.

The book is presented as an accessible exploration of evolutionary psychology's impact on romance. Its approach, drawing parallels between human and animal mating behaviors, suggests a focus on biological and ancestral influences. The author's background in evolutionary psychology implies a scientific and analytical perspective on the subject matter.