This work investigates the fundamental question of whether moral obligation can be derived from self-interest or if it exists as an independent, non-derivative duty. Harold A. Prichard, a prominent figure in 20th-century moral philosophy, utilizes rigorous logical analysis to challenge the prevailing ethical theories of his time. He argues that attempts to ground moral duty in the pursuit of personal interest are inherently flawed and fail to account for the intuitive nature of moral obligation. The text serves as a foundational critique of consequentialist and egoist frameworks.

Philosophers frequently cite this text as a seminal contribution to intuitionist ethics and the study of moral motivation. Scholars often note the dense, analytical prose style that requires careful attention to the author's specific definitions of duty and interest.