The book investigates the historical development and scientific understanding of petroleum. Thomas Sterry Hunt, a noted chemist and geologist, draws upon his expertise to trace the origins of petroleum, often referred to as 'rock oil,' from its earliest documented occurrences to its growing significance. The work likely examines the geological processes involved in its formation and the initial methods of its extraction and utilization, providing a foundational account of this crucial natural resource.

This work is likely regarded as a foundational text for understanding the early history of petroleum, drawing on the scientific rigor of its author. The detailed examination of geological processes and early industrial applications would appeal to historians of science and technology, as well as those interested in the economic development of the energy sector. Its historical perspective offers valuable insights into how petroleum transitioned from a curiosity to a vital commodity.