The central conflict arises when the impulsive and boastful Peer Gynt abandons his responsibilities to pursue a life of self-serving fantasy, leading to a lifelong struggle between his desire for self-actualization and the consequences of his moral vacuity. Peer Gynt, a charismatic yet deeply flawed protagonist, seeks to define himself through grand illusions and escapism, constantly clashing with the societal expectations and the people he leaves behind. The narrative follows a non-linear, episodic structure that spans decades, moving from the rugged landscapes of Norway to the exotic locales of North Africa. The play utilizes a blend of realism and surrealism, forcing the protagonist to confront the physical and spiritual manifestations of his own choices as he nears the end of his life.

Discussion often centers on the elusive nature of Peer Gynt as a character, with many readers debating whether he is a tragic figure or a cautionary tale of narcissism. Critics frequently highlight the play's linguistic complexity, noting that the verse structure is essential to understanding the work's rhythmic intensity. Readers often emphasize the effectiveness of Ibsen's world-building, which seamlessly blends grounded rural life with surreal, allegorical encounters. The thematic threads regarding the cost of avoiding one's true self generate significant discourse, making the play a frequent subject of academic analysis and theatrical reinterpretation.