This book investigates how Christian theology and the institution of the family have shaped Western societal structures and gender roles throughout history. Rosemary Radford Ruether, a renowned theologian and historian, examines the evolution of Christian thought on family, beginning with its critique of oppressive ancient family structures. She then traces how, as Christianity became a dominant social force, it increasingly prescribed family roles, particularly for women, in conjunction with political and economic changes from antiquity through the Reformation to the modern era.

Rosemary Radford Ruether's work is recognized for its critical examination of the intersection between religion, gender, and social history. This book is noted for its deep historical analysis, tracing the complex relationship between Christian doctrines and the evolving concept of the family in the West. Scholars often cite Ruether's ability to connect theological developments with broader political and economic shifts, particularly highlighting her insights into the historical construction of gender roles within family structures. The book is considered a significant contribution to feminist theology and the history of Western social thought.