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White Cargo is the forgotten story of the thousands of Britons who lived and died in bondage in Britain's American colonies. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, more than 300,000 white people were shipped to America as slaves. Urchins were swept up from London's streets to labor in the tobacco fields, where life expectancy was no more than two years. Brothels were raided to provide "breeders" for Virginia. Hopeful migrants were duped into signing as indentured servants, unaware they would become personal property who could be bought, sold, and even gambled away. Transported convicts were paraded for sale like livestock. Drawing on letters crying for help, diaries, and court and government archives, Don Jordan and Michael Walsh demonstrate that the brutalities usually associated with black slavery alone were perpetrated on whites throughout British rule. The trade ended with American independence, but the British still tried to sell convicts in their former colonies, which prompted one of the most audacious plots in Anglo-American history. This is a saga of exploration and cruelty spanning 170 years that has been submerged under the overwhelming memory of black slavery. White Cargo brings the brutal, uncomfortable story to the surface.
This book unearths the largely forgotten history of white indentured servants and convicts enslaved in Britain's American colonies.
Drawing on extensive archival research, including letters, diaries, and official records, Don Jordan and Michael Walsh reveal the harsh realities faced by over 300,000 Britons transported to America between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. These individuals, ranging from street urchins to convicts, endured conditions of extreme brutality, including forced labor with short life expectancies, being bought and sold, and even gambled away. The authors argue that the cruelties typically associated solely with black slavery were also inflicted upon white populations throughout the colonial period, challenging conventional historical narratives.
The book brings to light a suppressed aspect of colonial history, focusing on the brutal experiences of white indentured servants and convicts. It challenges readers to reconsider the singular focus on black slavery by demonstrating the widespread nature of white enslavement. The research draws on a variety of primary sources to reconstruct this uncomfortable narrative. The work aims to surface a significant, yet largely overlooked, saga of cruelty and exploitation spanning over 170 years of Anglo-American history.
Page Count:
320
Publication Date:
2008-03-08
Publisher:
NYU Press
ISBN-10:
0814742963
ISBN-13:
9780814742969
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