This work investigates the ethical, scientific, and cultural tensions inherent in the practice of American archaeology as it attempts to reconstruct the deep past of the North American continent. Sharman Apt Russell, an experienced nature and science writer, synthesizes historical data with contemporary field practices to examine the discipline's identity crisis. She argues that archaeology exists at a volatile intersection of scientific inquiry, humanities-based interpretation, and the moral imperative to respect indigenous heritage. The text explores whether the past can be objectively known or if it remains a subjective construct shaped by modern values.

Critics and readers often note the lyrical quality of Russell's prose, which distinguishes this work from more clinical academic texts. Experts highlight this book as a balanced introduction to the complexities of modern archaeological ethics and the ongoing dialogue between researchers and Native American communities.