This volume presents the proceedings of the 33rd European Simulation and Modelling Conference (ESM 2021), held in Rome, Italy, from October 27-29, 2021. It explores the latest advancements and applications in the fields of modelling and simulation across various domains. The conference proceedings aim to foster collaboration and knowledge exchange among researchers and practitioners.

As a collection of conference proceedings, the value of this volume lies in its comprehensive coverage of current research in modelling and simulation. The papers presented at ESM 2021 offer insights into diverse methodologies and their applications, reflecting the state-of-the-art in the field. This work is intended for academics, researchers, and professionals seeking to stay abreast of developments in simulation and modelling.