This work investigates the fundamental question of whether sociology can be defined as a unified discipline or if it is better understood as a multi-paradigmatic science. George Ritzer, a prominent sociologist, utilizes the philosophy of science framework—specifically drawing on Thomas Kuhn’s concept of paradigms—to analyze the disparate theoretical schools within the field. He argues that sociology is characterized by the coexistence of several competing paradigms, each offering distinct perspectives on social reality, rather than a single, universally accepted model. By mapping these paradigms, Ritzer provides a structured approach for students and scholars to navigate the complex theoretical landscape of the discipline.

This text is regarded as a foundational resource for understanding the structural complexity of sociological theory. Its systematic approach remains a standard reference for students and academics seeking to categorize the diverse theoretical traditions within the field.