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A FINANCIAL HISTORY OF THE PANAMA RAILROAD COMPANY, 1849-1949 An Untold Case Study Which Should be Taught in All Business and Management Universities A 193 page case study of A Brief Financial History of the Panama Railroad Company, 1849-1949 is supported by 62 charts, images, maps, and a Bibliography detailing how: John Lloyd Stephens of Maya archaeological fame, in 1848, out-maneuvered French interests from obtaining a concession, from New Granada, to build the Panama Railroad, Completion of the Panama Railroad across the Isthmus of Panama contributed to the early statehood of California, fulfilled the Manifest Destiny of the United States of America, and transformed her into a world power. The Panama Railroad Company Became the Richest Railroad Operation in History on Three Occasions, The Panama Railroad Company was Brought to Near Bankruptcy Five Times by Five Different Transcontinental Competitors, The Panama Railroad Company, a Commercial Empire Rivaling the British East India Company in Scope and Power, Dominated the Isthmus of Panama for over 100 years, French commercial interests, under the directorship of the builder of the Suez Canal, Count Ferdinand de Lesseps, defied the Monroe Doctrine to actually begin building the Panama Canal and subsequently purchase the Panama Railroad Company, in 1881, as a necessity to complete the Canal. The Panama Railroad Company employees participated in the creation of the Republic of Panama on November, 1903. Prominent personages who enter this story are: Balboa, William Henry Aspinwall, Alexander J. Center, Sam Ward, S. L. M. Barlow, Joseph Edward Simmons, Henry Chauncey, Charles G. Franklyn, Alden B. Stockwell, Charles Biddle, Columbus, John Lloyd Stephens; George M. Totten, Trenor W. Park, Ferdinand Marie de Lesseps, John Grimes Walker, Henry Clews, William C. Young, Franklin and Theodore Roosevelt, John Willis Griffiths, Joseph F. Joy, David C. Hoadley, Manuel Amador, Mark Brooke, Philander C. Kno