This collection investigates the historical and cultural roots of American Christmas folk music by preserving fifty-five traditional songs and one fiddle tune. Ruth Crawford Seeger, a noted music educator and composer, compiled these pieces to document the diverse musical heritage of the United States. By utilizing primary sources such as Library of Congress recordings, folklore journals, and shape-note books, she provides a foundational resource for understanding the spirit of old Christmas across different communities.

This work is regarded as a significant archival contribution to American ethnomusicology, valued for its preservation of oral traditions. The collection is noted for its accessible pedagogical approach, making it a standard reference for educators and musicians interested in authentic folk history.