Mortimer J. Adler investigates the fundamental question of what constitutes a proper, universal curriculum for American students in a democratic society. Adler, a prominent philosopher and co-founder of the Great Books of the Western World program, argues against the trend of vocationalism and specialization in schools. He proposes a humanistic, liberal arts-based course of study designed to cultivate the intellect of all citizens, regardless of their future career paths or socioeconomic backgrounds.

Critics and educators often view this work as a foundational text for the classical education movement, noting its clear and persuasive prose style. While some modern scholars argue that the curriculum is too rigid for a diverse student body, others highlight its enduring relevance in discussions regarding the purpose of public schooling.