This book investigates the multifaceted determinants of child survival rates, particularly in developing nations, and proposes a framework for intervention. Authored by W. Henry Mosley, a prominent figure in public health and demography, the work draws upon extensive epidemiological data and socio-economic analyses. It argues that child mortality is not solely attributable to infectious diseases but is deeply intertwined with a complex web of proximate determinants including maternal factors, nutritional status, and access to healthcare services.

The book is recognized as a foundational text in the study of child survival, particularly for its comprehensive framework that moves beyond disease-specific interventions. Its approach, which integrates biological, social, and economic factors, has been influential in shaping public health policy and research agendas aimed at reducing infant and child mortality globally. The work is frequently cited in academic literature concerning global health and development.