This book investigates the historical and theological origins of the concept of holy war within the early Islamic community. Reuven Firestone, a scholar of religious studies, utilizes primary source analysis of the Qur'an and early Islamic literature to examine how the concept of jihad emerged. He argues that the development of holy war was a functional response to the socio-political transitions occurring as the early Muslim community moved from tribal Arabian culture toward a structured religious civilization.

Scholars and historians frequently cite this work as a foundational text for understanding the early development of Islamic doctrine regarding conflict. Readers often note the academic rigor and the author's careful reliance on primary textual evidence to support his historical arguments.