This book investigates how evolutionary psychology and pop-Darwinism have been utilized to justify contemporary social norms regarding gender, aggression, and human behavior. Martha McCaughey, a professor of gender and women's studies, examines the cultural reception of evolutionary theories in the late 20th century. She argues that these scientific narratives often reflect and reinforce existing political and social biases rather than providing objective biological truths. By analyzing media coverage and popular science literature, the author demonstrates how the 'caveman' archetype serves as a rhetorical tool to naturalize modern social hierarchies.

Scholars in the fields of sociology and gender studies frequently cite this work for its rigorous critique of biological essentialism in popular media. Experts highlight the text as a significant contribution to understanding how scientific discourse is shaped by and influences cultural ideologies.